• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a method for processing fish skin, a Fish skin obtained by the method according to the invention, clothing / accessory made from fish skin obtained by the method according to the invention and food made from fish skin obtained by the method according to the invention . The method according to the invention, comprising the steps of: - rinsing the fish skin with an aqueous solution containing a degreasing soap; 10 - removing fish oil from the fish skin; - separating the fish skin and the degreasing soap containing aqueous solution, soap residues and fish oil; - scaling the fish skin using a base; - separating the fish skin from the base and scales; - removing at least a part of the proteins and calcium contained therein from the fish skin by means of an alkaline salt; - separating the fish skin from the proteins, calcium and alkaline salt; and - rinsing the fish skin with flushing liquid.
    公开号:NL2023981A
    申请号:NL2023981
    申请日:2019-10-09
    公开日:2020-05-07
    发明作者:Ter Voort Timothy；Fennema Folkert
    申请人:Innovative Business Dev B V；Searious B V；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHOD FOR PROCESSING FISH SKIN AND ANY FISH SKIN OBTAINED
    The invention relates to a method for processing fish skin, a fish skin obtained therewith and the use of such a fish skin.
    The fishing industry is an industry where a lot of waste is produced. Examples are by-catch, guts of processed fish and ox skins. One way of removing these waste streams is to burn them. Another possibility is to recycle these waste streams. Recycling is preferred since combustion leads to increased carbon-containing emissions, where recycling can be used to obtain, for example, high-quality products, animal feed and binder.
    However, it has been found that processing fish skins is labor-intensive and environmentally damaging. In addition, the removal of undesired components is difficult to achieve.
    The object of the present invention is to provide a method by which the above-mentioned problems are eliminated or at least reduced.
    This object is achieved by providing a method of processing fish skin according to the invention, the method comprising the steps of:
    - rinsing the fish skin with an aqueous solution containing a degreasing soap;
    - removing fish oil from the fish skin;
    - separating the fish skin and the degreasing soap containing aqueous solution, soap residues, and fish oil;
    - scaling the fish skin using a base;
    - separating the fish skin from the base and scales;
    - removing at least a part of the proteins and calcium contained therein from the fish skin by means of an alkaline salt;
    - separating the fish skin from the proteins, calcium and alkaline salt; and
    - rinsing the fish skin with flushing liquid.
    Rinsing the fish skin with an aqueous solution containing a degreasing soap is performed, for example, in a rinsing device. A rinsing device that can be used for this is a moving drum, or a container in which the fish skins are located. For example, the moving drum can make tumbling movements. Tumbling is moving the used device along the horizontal and / or vertical axis. Degreasing the fish skins is important for ultimately obtaining a fish skin that is applicable. The degreasing soap is BORRON SE from TFL, however it will be clear that other degreasing soaps can also be used.
    It will be understood that the removal of the aqueous solution containing the degreasing soap used during the rinse can be removed before the next step is performed.
    The removal of fish oil from the fish skin is carried out, for example, by means of an aqueous solution containing degreasing soap. The degreasing soap is BORRON SE from TFL, however it will be clear that other degreasing soaps can also be used. The removal of the fish oil from the fish skin is carried out, for example, by tumbling.
    It will be clear that the separation of the fish skin and residual flow can be carried out by means of known separation techniques, for example, filtering, decanting, sieving / sieving, centrifuging. The residual stream includes fish oil, base, scales, proteins, calcium and / or alkaline salt.
    The removal of at least part of the proteins and calcium contained therein by means of an alkaline salt also has the advantage that residual scales are removed from the fish skin.
    Rinsing the fish skin with flushing liquid ensures that no unwanted chemicals remain on and / or in the fish skin. Rinsing can be done by water and tumbling. Rinsing the fish skin with rinsing liquid includes rinsing with a duration of at least 40 minutes, preferably at least 50 minutes, more preferably at least 60 minutes by tumbling. During rinsing, the temperature is gradually reduced from 18 ° C to 20 ° C to 5 ° C to 10 ° C.
    The method according to the invention has the advantage that a pure collagen fish skin is obtained. The pure fish skin can be further processed according to the desired application.
    An additional advantage of the method according to the invention is that chemicals are used which have little or no impact on the environment. The result of this is that production costs will go down and production locations will have to meet less stringent requirements from governments.
    A further additional advantage is that no toxic metals, such as chromium, zinc, cadmium and lead, are used to obtain a pure collagen fish skin.
    A further additional advantage of the method according to the invention is that an odorless, colorless and tasteless fish skin is obtained. This ensures that the fish skin has a wider application as the user can process the fish skin into the desired end product. For example by means of coloring.
    A further additional advantage of the method according to the invention is that a fish skin is obtained with a collagen content of which more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, more preferably mainly 100%, contains collagen in the undenatured state. The substantially 100% collagen content in the undenatured state is also considered to be pure collagen. Pure fish skin can be used for high-value applications, for example for leather tanning, grinding into powder for use in skin care products and as a dressing for burns.
    There is an increasing awareness that waste flows must be minimized and waste processing must be done in such an efficient manner. The effect is that as much waste as possible is recycled, with the least possible burden on the environment.
    A further additional advantage of the method according to the invention is that the fish skin obtained is not a source of contamination with germs found in fish. For the application of fish skin in a high-quality application such as bandages, it is desirable to obtain a sterile fish skin.
    An additional effect is that the method according to the invention can be carried out in the same device, the fish skin being in a housing and the different solutions being passed through the housing. This has the advantage that fewer operations need to be performed and fish skin can be processed efficiently.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the step of removing the pigment comprising the steps:
    tumbling the fish skin in an aqueous ammonium solution for a period of at least 40 minutes, preferably at least 50 minutes, more preferably at least 60 minutes;
    tumbling the fish skin in an aqueous sulfite solution for a period of at least 40 minutes, preferably at least 50 minutes, more preferably at least 60 minutes; and
    tumbling the fish skin in an enzyme-containing water for a period of at least 40 minutes, preferably at least 50 minutes, more preferably at least 60 minutes.
    An advantage of removing pigment according to the invention is that a fish skin without pigment is obtained. A fish skin without pigment can then be colored.
    A further additional advantage of the method according to the invention is that the chemicals used have little or no environmental impact. This means that less strict environmental requirements are required for processing the fish skin.
    A further additional advantage of the method according to the invention is that a fish skin is obtained which comprises 100% collagen in an undenatured state. Pure fish skin can be used for high-value applications, for example for leather tanning, grinding into powder for use in skin care products and as a dressing for burns.
    In a further advantageous embodiment according to the invention, the ammonium is selected from the group of ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, ammonium sulfate.
    It will be clear that the ammonium source is not limited to the above examples. It is important that the ammonium salt is soluble in an aqueous solvent. Ammonium chloride is preferably used, this has the advantage that it is available and has little or no environmental impact. An additional advantage is that ammonium chloride is cheap.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the sulfite is metabisulfite, the metabisulfite being selected from the group consisting of sodium metabisulfite, potassium metabisulfite.
    The use of metasulfite has the advantage that this compound has little or no load. It will therefore be clear that the use of metabisulfite is not limited to sodium metisulfite and / or potassium metabisulfite. Sodium metisulfite and / or potassium metabisulfite have the advantage that they dissolve well in water. An additional advantage of sodium metisulfite and / or potassium metabisulfite is that they are safe for consumption. For example, sodium metisulfite and / or potassium metabisulfite are used as a preservative.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the enzyme is selected from the group of pigment-eating collagen.
    It has been found that pigment-eating collagen can be used effectively.
    In a further advantageous embodiment according to the invention, the method further comprises the step of separating the fish skin from the water.
    The separation of the fish skin from the water has the advantage that contaminants are removed with the water and a fish skin without pigment is obtained.
    In a further advantageous embodiment according to the invention, the method further comprises the step of heating to a temperature of a maximum of 5 ° C prior to rinsing the fish skin.
    It is known that some fish are immediately processed into ready-to-eat products. The fish skin must be frozen to prevent spoilage. Warming up to a maximum temperature of 5 ° C prior to rinsing the fish skin has the advantage that it is not necessary to use fresh fish skin.
    An additional advantage of heating to a temperature of up to 5 ° C is that water does not crystallize on the fish skin during rinsing.
    In a further advantageous embodiment according to the invention, the rinsing takes place at a temperature of maximum 18 ° C for a period of at least 2 hours.
    preferably for a period of at least 2.5 hours, more preferably for a period of at least 3 hours.
    The rinsing can be done in a moving drum. In an advantageous preferred embodiment, the drum is one and the same during the various steps of the method.
    An advantage of rinsing for a period of at least 3 hours is that all slime, fish meat residues and unwanted contamination are removed.
    In a further advantageous embodiment according to the invention, the removal of fish oil takes place with an aqueous solution containing a degreasing soap for a period of at least 10 hours, preferably for a period of 11 hours, more preferably for a period of at least 12 hours.
    The removal of fish oil with an aqueous solution containing a degreasing soap has the advantage that a fish skin without fish oil is obtained. The fish skin, which is essentially free of fats after a 12 hour treatment, can be further processed with the effectiveness of the chemicals used being optimal due to the absence of fats and oils.
    In a further advantageous embodiment according to the invention, the scaling takes place in a tumbler at a temperature of a maximum of 18 ° C for a period of at least 6 hours, preferably for a period of at least 7 hours, more for a period of preferably at least 8 hour.
    An advantage of the scaling is that a fish skin without scales is obtained.
    An additional advantage is that the fish skin is more flexible without scales.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the base is an aqueous solution of sodium sulfide.
    It will be understood that the base is not limited to an aqueous solution of sodium sulfide. In an advantageous preferred embodiment, a strong base is used. The advantage of sodium sulfide is that it is well soluble in water.
    In a further advantageous embodiment according to the invention, wherein the removal of proteins and calcium takes place by means of alkaline salts at a temperature of maximum 20 ° C for a period of at least 10 hours, preferably for a period of at least 11 hours, more preferably for a period of at least 12 hours.
    The advantage is that fish skin is obtained without proteins and calcium. An additional advantage is that residual scales are removed under the influence of the alkaline salt.
    In a further advantageous embodiment according to the invention wherein the alkaline salt is an aqueous solution of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate and / or a mixture thereof.
    It will be understood that the alkaline salt is not limited to the above examples.
    The advantage of the alkaline salt is that it removes proteins and calcium from the fish skin. An additional advantage is that residual scales are removed under the influence of the alkaline salt.
    In an advantageous embodiment, calcium hydroxide is used, an advantage of calcium hydroxide is that it is not environmentally harmful. An additional advantage is that it is suitable for consumption. It is known that calcium hydroxide can be used as an additive in foods. A further additional advantage is that it has no harmful effects on drinking water. It is known that calcium hydroxide in the form of milk of lime is used in the purification of drinking water.
    In a further advantageous embodiment according to the invention, wherein the cooling during the rinsing of the fish skin takes place with water for a period of at least 40 minutes, preferably at least 50 minutes, more preferably at least 60 minutes, at a range with a temperature of maximum 20 ° C to a temperature of at least 5 ° C.
    An advantage of rinsing the fish skin is that unwanted residual connections are rinsed from the fish skin.
    This provides clean fish skin with mucus, fish-free residues, calcium, brown fat, non-collagen-related proteins, scales, pigment and fish oil.
    An additional advantage is that a fish skin is obtained that is de-ballasted and remains open.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the step of storing the fish skin in a first leather tanning composition, wherein the leather tanning composition is selected from a composition containing TARE.
    It will be understood that other leather tanning compositions may contain components other than only TARE and / or similar components.
    The advantage of the composition used is that it has little or no environmental impact. The absence of (heavy) metals, such as chromium, zinc, cadmium and lead, has the additional advantage that no poisoning by metals from humans or animals can take place.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the step of freezing and treating with an alcohol.
    An advantage is that functional fish collagen is obtained. An additional advantage is that the cells remain undamaged, so that they can absorb at least 10 times their own dry weight in moisture, fat and / or a combination of these. An additional advantage is that the cells have a high 'bioavailability'.
    In a further advantageous embodiment according to the invention, the method further comprises the step further of grinding the fish skin.
    Grinding the fish skin already has the advantage that a process substance is obtained in powder form. This ensures that transport is facilitated and the collagen-containing substance can be processed as, for example, a binder, in skin care products, in glue. An additional advantage is that collagen can be extracted effectively.
    In an advantageous preferred embodiment, the protein comprising the collagen has an amino acid sequence that suits human needs.
    In a further advantageous embodiment according to the invention, further comprising the steps:
    - sterilizing the fish skin; and
    - making it suitable for medical application.
    An advantage of sterilizing and making it suitable for a medical application is that fish skin is obtained for treating burns. An additional advantage is that the fish skin allows bacteria to pass in one direction. The fish skin according to the invention has been found to provide faster wound healing, wound healing with reduced scar tissue formation, decreased bandage rejection, easier bandage replacement, fewer infections. An additional advantage is that collagen is released from the fish skin to the (burn) wound.
    In an advantageous preferred embodiment, the fish skin is packaged in an alcohol solution.
    In a further advantageous preferred embodiment, the pH value of the fish skin corresponds to the pH of human skin, preferably the fish skin has a pH in the range of 5.0 to 7.0.
    In a further advantageous embodiment according to the invention, further comprising the step of applying a medically accepted carrier material.
    An advantage of carrier material is that it can give firmness to the fish skin. An additional advantage is that the fish skin is protected against external influences.
    The invention further relates to a fish skin comprising a collagen content of which more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, more preferably mainly 100%, collagen content in an undenatured state.
    Such a fish skin offers the same effects and advantages as described for the method. In a further advantageous embodiment according to the invention, the fish skin is obtained according to the method according to the invention.
    The invention further relates to clothing and / or accessories made from fish skin obtained according to the method according to the invention.
    Such clothing and / or accessory offers the same effects and advantages already described for the method and the fish skin.
    An additional advantage is that the fish skin obtained can be produced completely sustainably.
    The invention further relates to food made from fish skin obtained by the method according to the invention.
    Further advantages and details of the invention are explained by means of advantageous embodiments thereof, reference being made to the annexed drawings, in which:
    - Figure 1 block diagram of the different steps of the method.
    Method 10 (Figure 1) comprises the steps of rinsing the fish skin 12 with an aqueous solution containing a degreasing soap. After rinsing 12, the fish skin is removed from fish oil 14. The degreasing soap containing aqueous solution, soap residues and fish oil are separated from the fish skin in separating step 16 following removal of fish oil 14. The fish skin is then stripped of scales 18 with a base. The scales and base are then separated from the base in separation step 20. The fish skin is then further processed with an alkaline salt removing at least a portion of the proteins and calcium present in removal step 22 from the fish skin. Then, the proteins, calcium and alkaline salt are separated from the fish skin in separating step 24. The fish skin is then rinsed in rinsing step 26 with a rinsing liquid.
    In a further preferred embodiment, the fish skin is used in the manufacture of clothing and / or accessories. Examples include bag, jacket, belt, shoe, wallet, phone cover, cap, hat, ring, cufflink, chain, bracelet, watch strap, shirt, pants, skirt, dress, tie.
    In a further preferred embodiment, the fish skin according to the invention is used in the healing of burns. The wound treatment can be done by applying the fish skin to the wound, possibly in combination with a suitable medical carrier. The fish skin collagen can be delivered to the burn for additional improving wound healing.
    In a further preferred embodiment, collagen is obtained from the fish skin according to the invention. Collagen can be obtained by freezing, treating with an alcohol and grinding the fish skin. For example, the recovered collagen can be used as a binder, wound healing powder, food, skin care product, glue.
    The present invention is by no means limited to the above described preferred embodiments thereof. The requested rights are defined by the following claims, within the scope of which many modifications are conceivable.
    权利要求:
    Claims (23)
    [1]
    A method of processing fish skin, comprising the steps of:
    - rinsing the fish skin with an aqueous solution containing a degreasing soap;
    - removing fish oil from the fish skin;
    - separating the fish skin and the degreasing soap containing aqueous solution, soap residues, and fish oil;
    - scaling the fish skin using a base;
    - separating the fish skin from the base and scales;
    - removing at least a part of the proteins and calcium contained therein from the fish skin by means of an alkaline salt;
    - separating the fish skin from the proteins, calcium and alkaline salt; and
    - rinsing the fish skin with flushing liquid.
    [2]
    The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of removing the pigment comprising the steps:
    tumbling the fish skin in an aqueous ammonium solution for a period of at least 40 minutes, preferably at least 50 minutes, more preferably at least 60 minutes;
    tumbling the fish skin in an aqueous sulfite solution for a period of at least 40 minutes, preferably at least 50 minutes, more preferably at least 60 minutes; and
    tumbling the fish skin in an enzyme-containing water for a period of at least 40 minutes, preferably at least 50 minutes, more preferably at least 60 minutes.
    [3]
    The method of claim 2, wherein the ammonium is selected from the group of ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, ammonium sulfate.
    [4]
    The method of any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the sulfite is metabisulfite, the metabisulfite being selected from the group consisting of sodium metabisulfite, potassium metabisulfite.
    [5]
    The method of any one of claims 2, 3 or 4, wherein the enzyme is selected from the group of pigment-eating collagen.
    [6]
    The method of any one of claims 2-5, further comprising the step of separating the fish skin from the water.
    [7]
    The method of any of the preceding claims, further comprising the step of heating to a temperature of up to 5 ° C prior to rinsing the fish skin.
    [8]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rinsing takes place at a temperature of at most 18 ° C for a period of at least 2 hours, preferably for a period of at least 2.5 hours, more preferably for a period of at least 3 hours.
    [9]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the removal of fish oil takes place with an aqueous solution containing a degreasing soap for a period of at least 10 hours, preferably for a period of 11 hours, more preferably for a period of at least 12 hours .
    [10]
    A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the scaling takes place in a tumbler at a temperature of up to 18 ° C for a period of at least 6 hours, preferably for a period of at least 7 hours, more preferably for a period of at least 8 o'clock.
    [11]
    A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the base is an aqueous solution of sodium sulfide.
    [12]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the removal of proteins and calcium takes place by means of alkaline salts at a temperature of maximum 20 ° C for a period of at least 10 hours, preferably for a period of at least 11 hours, at more preferably for a period of at least 12 hours.
    [13]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the alkaline salt is an aqueous solution of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate and / or a mixture thereof,
    [14]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cooling during rinsing of the fish skin takes place with water for a period of at least 40 minutes, preferably at least 50 minutes, more preferably at least 60 minutes, at a range with a temperature of maximum 20 ° C to a temperature of at least 5 ° C.
    [15]
    A method according to any preceding claim, further comprising the step:
    - placing the fish skin in a first leather tanning composition, the leather tanning composition being selected from a composition containing TARE.
    [16]
    The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, further comprising the step:
    - freezing and treating with an alcohol.
    [17]
    The method of claim 16, further comprising the step:
    - grinding the fish skin.
    [18]
    The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, further comprising the steps:
    - sterilizing the fish skin; and
    - making it suitable for medical application.
    [19]
    The method of claim 18, further comprising the step:
    - applying a medically accepted carrier material.
    [20]
    Fish skin comprising a greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, more preferably substantially 100% collagen content in undenatured state.
    [21]
    Fish skin according to claim 20, obtained according to the method according to any one of claims 1 - 19.
    [22]
    Clothing and / or accessory made from fish skin obtained according to the method according to any one of claims 1-19.
    [23]
    Food prepared from fish skin obtained by the method of claim
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NL2023981B1|2020-08-19|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2020-06-24| PD| Change of ownership|Owner name: SEARIOUS B.V.; NL Free format text: DETAILS ASSIGNMENT: CHANGE OF OWNER(S), ASSIGNMENT; FORMER OWNER NAME: SEARIOUS B.V. Effective date: 20200525 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NL2021834|2018-10-18|
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